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John Denis Martin Nunn (born 25 April 1955 in London) is an English chess grandmaster, a three-time world champion in chess problem solving, a chess writer and publisher, and a mathematician. He is one of England's strongest chess players and once was in the world's top ten. ==Career== As a junior, he showed a prodigious talent for the game and in 1967, at twelve years of age, he won the British under-14 Championship. At fourteen, he was London Under-18 Champion for the 1969/70 season〔British Chess Magazine – March 1970, p. 66. London Championships 1969/70, held at Islington Green Secondary School (29 December 1969 – 3 January 1970)〕 and less than a year later, at just fifteen years of age, he proceeded to Oriel College, Oxford, to study mathematics. At the time, he was Oxford's youngest undergraduate since Cardinal Wolsey in 1520. Graduating in 1973, he went on to gain his doctorate in 1978 with a thesis on finite H-spaces (titled "Some Problems in Algebraic Topology"〔http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.467333〕), and remained at Oxford University as a mathematics lecturer until 1981, when he became a professional chess player. In 1975, he became the European Junior Champion. He gained the Grandmaster title in 1978 and was British champion in 1980. Nunn has twice won individual gold medals at Chess Olympiads. In 1989, he finished sixth in the inaugural 'World Cup', a series of tournaments in which the top 25 players in the world competed. His best performance in the World Chess Championship cycle came in 1987, when he lost a playoff match against Lajos Portisch for a place in the Candidates Tournament. He won the prestigious Hoogovens tournament (held annually in Wijk aan Zee) in 1982, 1990 and 1991. He achieved his highest Elo rating of 2630 in January 1995. Six years earlier, in January 1989, his then rating of 2620 was high enough to elevate him into the world's top ten, where he shared ninth place. This was close to the peak of the English chess boom and there were two English players above him on the list; Nigel Short (world number three, 2650) and Jonathan Speelman (world number five, 2640). Nunn has now retired from serious tournament play and, until he resurfaced as a player in two Veterans events in 2014 and 2015, had not played a FIDE rated game since August 2006;〔("Nunn, John D M (ENG)" ). FIDE Chess ratings. ''fide.com''. 〕 however, he has been active in the ECF rapid play.〔(Player profile ) from ECF〕 As well as being a strong player, Nunn is regarded as one of the best contemporary authors of chess books. He has penned many books, including ''Secrets of Grandmaster Chess'' which won the British Chess Federation Book of the Year award in 1988 and ''John Nunn's Best Games'' which took the award in 1995. He is the director of chess publishers Gambit Publications. Chess historian Edward Winter has written of him:〔Edward Winter, (Chess Note 4218 ). Retrieved on 19 January 2009.〕 A polymath, Nunn has written authoritative monographs on openings, endings and compositions, as well as annotated games collections and autobiographical volumes. As an annotator he is equally at home presenting lucid prose descriptions for the relative novice and analysis of extreme depth for the expert. In a 2010 interview,〔(). Retrieved 22 January 2013.〕 Magnus Carlsen, explaining why he thought extreme intelligence could actually prove to be a hindrance to one's chess career, cited as an example Nunn's never having captured the World Chess Championship title: He has so incredibly much in his head. Simply too much. His enormous powers of understanding and his constant thirst for knowledge distracted him from chess. Nunn is also involved with chess problems, composing several examples and solving as part of the British team on several occasions. On this subject he wrote ''Solving in Style'' (1985). He won the World Chess Solving Championship in Halkidiki, Greece, in September 2004 and also made his final GM norm in problem solving. There were further wins of the World Championship in 2007〔(John Nunn wins World Chess Problem Solving Championship ), ''ChessBase News'', 3 November 2007〕 and in 2010.〔(John Nunn wins World Problem Solving Championship ), ''ChessBase News'', 3 November 2010〕 He is the third person ever to gain both over-the-board and solving GM titles (the others being Jonathan Mestel and Ram Soffer; Bojan Vučković has been the fourth since 2008). Since the mid-1990s, Nunn has been engaged in data mining from chess endgame tablebases. The products of this work include the books ''Secrets Of Rook Endings'', ''Secrets of Minor-Piece Endings'', and ''Secrets Of Pawnless Endings''. These books include human-usable endgame strategies found by Nunn (and others) by extensive experimentation with tablebases, and new editions have come out and are due as more tablebases are created and tablebases are more deeply data-mined. Nunn is thus (as of 2004) the foremost data miner of chess endgame tablebases. This work corresponds to the endgame part of the work of Berlekamp, Conway et al. in dots-and-boxes, Hex and other games. Nunn finished third in the World Senior Chess Championship (over-50 section) of 2014 in Katerini, Greece,〔(24th World Senior Chess Championship Senior 50+ ) Chess-Results〕 and second in the European Senior Chess Championship (over-50) of 2015 in Eretria, Greece.〔(15th European Senior Ch. Open 50 ) Chess-Results〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Nunn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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